Zist fanavar Pishtaz Varian

MYCORRHIZA

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between green plants and soil born fungi. The plant makes organic molecules such as sugars by photosynthesis and supplies them to the fungus, and the fungus supplies to the plant water and minerals nutrients, such as phosphorus, taken from the soil. Mycorrhizas are located in the roots of vascular plants. Most plant species form mycorrhizal associations. The most common of mycorrhizal symbiosis is the arbuscular type that is present in 70% of plant species, including many agricultural plants such as wheat and citrus.

Mycorrhizal fungi occupies a special position in agricultural, environmental and green spaces throughout developed countries. By increasing the level of root uptake and helping facilitate the absorption of minerals and water, it not only supports the growth and function of the host plant, but it also increases the resistance to adverse environmental conditions such as abiotic and biotic stresses.

Observational tests, conducted within Iran have resulted in proven efficiency. Throughout each stage of production, sustained quality will be maintained through the research and development department.

BENEFITS OF MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS

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  Produce more vigorous and healthy plants.

  Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) facilitate host plants to grow vigorously by mediating a series of complex communication events between the plant and the fungus leading to enhanced photosynthetic rate and other gas exchange-related traits.

• 

  Increase plant establishment and survival at seeding or transplanting

  Mycorrhizal fungi act like an extension of the plant root system and can increase the absorptive surface area of roots by up to 700 times and also endogenous hormone changes.

• 

  Increase yields and crop quality

  Mycorrhizal fungi improve the uptake of almost all essential nutrients and contrarily decrease the uptake of Na and Cl, leading to growth stimulation. The extra-radical mycelium (ERM) can effectively improve nutrient uptake, thereby improving plant growth and yield quality and quantity.

• 

  Improve drought tolerance, allowing watering reduction.

  Mycorrhizal fungi has been shown to be helpful to tolerate and overcome water stress by better plant antioxidant activity, osmotic regulation, root hydraulic properties and higher level of net photosynthetic rate.

• 

  Enhance flowering and fruiting.

  Mycorrhizal fungi can help host plants acquire more nutrients and water from soil and therefore enhance plant growth and also cause earlier flowering, increase the total duration of flowering and also flower numbers.

• 

  Optimize fertilizers use, especially phosphorus.

  Mycorrhizal fungi increase nutrient uptake not only by increasing the surface absorbing area of the roots, but also release powerful organic compounds into the soil that help to solubilize hard-to-capture nutrients, such as organic nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and other “tightly bound” soil nutrients.

• 

  Increase tolerance to soil salinity.

  Mycorrhizal fungi is considered to be an efficient approach for bio-amelioration of salinity stress by improved nutrient uptake and maintenance of ionic homeostasis, superior water use efficiency and osmoprotection, enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, preservation of cell ultrastructure, and reinforced antioxidant metabolism.

• 

  Reduce disease occurrence.

  There are several mechanisms for increase resistance in mycorrhizal plants: including improvement of plant nutrient status, competition, change in roots morphology and structure, change in microbial flora in rhizosphere and induce resistance or systematic resistance in plant.

AMOUNTS AND METHODS OF CONSUMPTION

• For potted plant, apply MycoRoot to the area below the plant root mass depending on the size of the pots (try to contact between roots and MycoRoot).

  The volume of pot	Less than 0.5-litre	1-litre	3-litre	5-litre	More than 10-litre
  Dosage for each pot (g)	20	50	70	100	200

• For planting seedlings of fruit trees, apply MycoRoot into the hole dugs, below and in direct contact to root systems depending on plant height.

  Plant height	Less than 20cm	20-30cm	30-40cm	40-60cm	More than 60cm
  Dosage for each pot (g)	20	50	70	100	200

• For field crops, apply MycoRoot according to seed size as followed table to completely cover all seeds.

  Seed size	MycoRoot (g)/ seed (kg)
  Small size seeds (alfalfa, clover,…)	40-50
  Medium size seeds (wheat, barley, corn, bean,..)	30-40
  Large size seeds (sunflower , faba bean , …)	20-30

• For field crops, apply MycoRoot according to seed size as followed table to completely cover all seeds.

BROADCAST APPLICATION:

Apply 500 grams of MycoRoot per square meter of land for planting of turf grasses and cover crops

NURSERY APPLICATION:

Mix 20 kilograms of MycoRoot with one square meter of nursery bed for plant propagation by seeds, cuttings, seedlings and plants

ROW APPLICATION:

Apply 100 kg of MycoRoot per hectare under seeds in planting rows